In addition, the development paths we develop must meet, as much as possible, the principles of green chemistry, avoiding organic solvents, saving material and energy, and using renewable resources.Ī wide range of materials is covered: crystalline porous materials such as zeolites and MOFs, inorganic or hybrid mesoporous materials with ordered structures (silica, titanium oxide, transition metal oxides, organosilice), functional hybrid materials, including hydrogels, functionalized PMO (Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica) silica, ionosilicas and ionogels, but also biosourced materials, including hydrocarbons, ionochars, activated carbons and aerogels.Ĭontrolling the functionality of materials is a major goal. Indeed, the objective is to develop new approaches that allow not only an intensification of the development paths of textured materials, but also ultimately an intensification of catalytic processes. The control of textures and morphologies is most often sought concomitantly, as in the case of materials with hierarchical porosity (case of meso-macroporous monoliths obtained by spinodal decomposition), mesoporous nanoparticles of controlled sizes, or gels of functional polysaccharides. We are interested in the control of pore dimensions and organization, but also in the morphologies and functionalities of materials. Shaping control ranges from the preparation of nanoparticles, films and fibers to monoliths. Our projects are materials engineering, and aim to control textures and morphologies at molecular, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. The research activities of axis 2 are focused on the development of porous and hybrid materials by organic or inorganic polycondensation reactions according to soft and eco-designed pathways, in particular via aqueous, organic or non-hydrolytic sol-gel pathways. The interactions between organic and inorganic bricks are also widely explored as they play a major role in the formation of the interface of structured hybrid nanomaterials. A particular effort concerns the design and training of original structuring agents, generating both ordered mesostructures and functionalities as a preamble to the work of axis 2. The studies focus on micelles of amphiphilic copolymers, induced micelles of double-hydrophilic block copolymers, either electrostatic complex micelles of polyions or complex coordination micelles type. The control of interactions allows a control of the properties (characteristic sizes, morphologies) of micellar assemblies which are used as structuring agents of porous and hybrid materials (object of axis 2). The interactions between surfactants and polymers are characterized, with, depending on their nature (hydrophobic, electrostatic complexation, hydrogen bonds, etc.), particular attention paid to the influence on micellization of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, ionic strength, etc.). These studies are carried out using spectroscopic and radiation scattering techniques (light, neutrons, X-rays) coupled, where appropriate, with molecular modelling. The activities of axis 1 are also focused on the study of the interactions between these precursors and on the control of the formation of controlled supramolecular assemblies from the construction units. Hybrid and even bio-hybrid precursors (mimicking for example amino acids, collagen…) are also designed and synthesized. In the case of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), new organic (ligands) and inorganic (metal clusters) base bricks are developed. Organic entities can be sugars, polymers of natural origin: polysaccharides, tannins, alginates or chitosanes, but also polymers prepared to order with a control of architecture and functionality. Inorganic precursors can be molecules, organometallic complexes, clusters or colloids They include precursors of silica, metal oxides or mixed oxides. The materials formed are characterized by advanced techniques for probing local or mesoscopic scale interactions, associated with multi-scale computational modeling studies (micro and mesoscopic). The control of interactions at interfaces, especially organic-inorganic, is the key to the production of hybrid and/or porous materials controlled by soft chemistry. The custom design of the basic bricks makes it possible to develop their assemblies through the control of the cooperative or competitive interactions involved. It is based on the design and synthesis of organic, inorganic or hybrid precursors as well as precursors from bio-resources. The activity of axis 1 focuses on the design and custom synthesis of molecular and macromolecular precursors and their organization into supramolecular assemblies.
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